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53. VIVA ITALY

N or Italians have the luck to be born in one of the most beautiful countries in the world. From north to south, the scenery is breathtaking. Our ancestors have left us an outstanding urban heritage. We are a land of great geniuses who have enriched the world with their ideas, scientists, poets, writers, filmmakers, saints, sailors, musicians, tenors, painters, architects. The Biographical Dictionary of Italian , which collects all the biographies of the greatest and most famous, came to the 70th book and are provided for 110!

can not be that you throw overboard all for mere economic interest. We must remember that the wheel turns and is not said, that 20, 30 or 40 years is the South to be richer.

gather "a cohort," and we are proud of this country!

thank the founding fathers who were able to realize their dream to unify Italy - even in the minds of other people - that was already well before 1861.

Greetings to all Italians.

VIVA L 'ITALY ! UNIT AND INDIVISIBLE .

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52. The memory of a partisan to celebrate the unification of Italy

Even this blog wants to join in the celebrations for the unification of Italy. The occasion gives me the Nicoletta Barbarito, now you know why his pen out large pieces of "reporter" ...

She writes:

Below And my little contribution to the commemoration of the anniversary of the unification of Italy:

the photo of my great-grandfather, Emilio de Lama, of Parma, in 1866, aged 16, ran away from home to join the troops of Garibaldi. A little bravado appreciated by the family that still would not give him permission to leave.

The photo was taken in Brescia, point of collection of young Garibaldi. The red shirt and red cap were later donated by his daughter, Albertina, my maternal grandmother, the Garibaldi Museum which is located adjacent to Rome next to the Basilica of St. Maria degli Angeli in Rome.

All I know about him comes only from the memories of my grandmother (who physically resembled him very much).

was handsome, funny (even when young great joker, misbehaving), with blue eyes and a beautiful tenor voice. He sang with the windows open and the neighbors applauded him spellbound. He dreamed of treading the boards of the Teatro Regio di Parma, then as now famous temple of opera. Again, however, the family de Lama - small provincial nobility and traditional - proved otherwise.

Emilio had a child by his young wife Marianna, a modest family, who died in childbirth. Subsequently remarried Laudomia Toscani, a talented girl who was a dressmaker in Parma. The parents, irritated by this new header, forcing Emilio to leave Parma. family of Parma my grandmother Albertina retained until his death a great nostalgia, recalling the large house, imposing the grandparents (which she, "the bimbina, called the Great Father and Great Mother) to be expressed in dialect or Parmesan in French, the country house, numerous uncles and aunts, cousins \u200b\u200bby the names he loved to repeat impossible laughing Azelio , Burchard, Cadmus, Driope , Elle , Phyllis , Glauco , Learco , Romano (at least if the latter had managed to communicate!). On those older relatives and told amusing anecdotes, who evidently knew his father. If Emily had not been a young man so "uncomfortable", Albertina was unlikely to have a more peaceful and prosperous life.

Putting aside all artistic ambition and having no special qualifications, Emilio began a modest career in the service of the State. He worked for several years in Perugia, where my grandmother attended the elementary school. Then the little family moved to Rome, staying close to Porta Pia, Via Giacomo Pagliari, in one of the buildings constructed between 1880 and 1890 to house officials and state employees from many parts of Italy.

Albertina remained in prolonged contact with some cousins \u200b\u200band children of cousins, but he returned to Parma, who once, at the age of 65 years, with me. I knew, at that time, his cousin Learco, plus another cousin, also named Albertina, and visited the country house, now owned by the descendants of another cousin. In the villa on the road from Parma to Traversetolo was intercepted after Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma leaving a handkerchief embroidered with crown and initials (heirloom still on display in a glass case, my grandmother remembered seeing him as a child).

Emilio de Lama died of a heart attack in Via Nazionale in front of the church of S. Vitale (ie next to the Palazzo delle Esposizioni) as he was returning home from the office in 1904. Albertina was 18, had just graduated from teacher to teach immediately had to get to contribute to the family.

E 'buried in the Verano cemetery, the so-called "old department." He was a father and a loving husband and jovial. The old photo on the plaque shows a high forehead, Good, white hair and mustache.

Nicoletta Barbarito

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51. When school education ended in third grade

D IPLOM of maturity, Bachelor, Master, today's youth, in education, do not suffer some of the most illiteracy, indeed. Super-educated, culturally superpreparati, spent the first twenty years of their existence in the study of knowledge: in 10,000 years of human history, is the first time that knowledge is taught to generations of children around the world!

None of them can imagine what the state went to school their grandparents or great-grandparents.

In the small town of Emilia St. John's , the year 1930 is the watershed education. Those born before, went to school only until the third grade. The others (generated from 1930 to 1949) ended the fifth grade. After 1950 the obligation, in Italy, was extended to secondary schools.

education patched to tell of past generations, we test Adele, born in the late twenties of 900. She, more than the sisters, had the good fortune of doing a few months of the fourth. But, like the others, before going to school, had to graze the sheep: up at dawn, then off to camps and woods, returning home with those damned beasts escaping from all sides, then, apron, folder, provided wood for the stove during the winter, and travel to school. At 8:30 am, like you, all children in the country, gathered at Cà d' Funsin in a room where the only teacher, Theresa Munafo, provide teaching three classes at once. Auctions and point the first year, learning to write. The second, a bit 'of arithmetic and writing and, third, writing, reading and arithmetic.

Children were numerous and the same teacher had two rounds of pupils: in the morning and afternoon. The teacher, which followed more than 30 students at a time, holding only the first hour, maybe two, then most of the time, his head resting on his chair, sank into a restful sleep. At that point, when he began to snore, the children not to wake her up slowly, one by one, slipping away into the courtyard and the lesson for that day was over. In fact, there were no janitors, and the teacher fall in trance, they could do whatever they wanted.

Nobody was surprised that much, even parents who knew what had to suffer this poor woman. Farming families were not as convinced of education, believing their children only arms to work in the fields. At the time the children were cared for and very little, least spoiled.

In every house you buy a single subsidiary, which then passed to a number of younger siblings.

tools of the pupil were: pen, ink, and ink, blotting paper, pencil, and notebook with black cover (those who remember it?) And, for the few wealthy, even crayons. The folder was made with jute, which served to make the bags to carry grain or potatoes. Some loving mothers added some embroidery, and schoolgirls appreciated.

The teachers were strict and could afford any corporal punishment. In general it was the line that ended up on the hands or head of school children. But there were also kicked and slapped students inattentive or boys, and the punishment more humiliating for a child, his hat 's "ass" in his head. There are also the one behind the knee on the blackboard in wheat grains. I was told, in this regard, which put behind the board, which was near the stove where the teacher had placed the stock with a little 'chicken for her lunch, a schoolgirl, hungry, he ate everything. Since that day, the teacher has not been for punishment!

The student beaten up, not ventured never to complain to their parents because, otherwise, at home, would receive twice the barrel.

Adele The problem occurred the year that has gone to another school, to follow the fourth that did not exist in his township. The naps of his teacher were heard, because all the children of Pas Ca had learned very little from those of Predieri , followed by very severe teacher Sorriva . Discouraged, many after a few months, have withdrawn from school. That's why the whole generation that had the teacher sleepyhead found itself, in terms of education, with empty-handed!

But the human being has unlimited resources and what our mothers, grandmothers or great-grandmothers did not learn in school, have learned very well from life! So do not be sapientelli with them, they know many other things that you do not even imagine.

Barbara Bertolini

(Photo taken from the interesting site: http://www.quintocd.it/content/view/ 2382/163 /

San Francisco School of Altamura, which, however, reflects what they were rural schools all over the Apennines).